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Energy Efficiency in Data Centers

LSI Research

Energy efficiency in data centers is a major challenge due to its economic and environmental impact. At LSI we develop proactive strategies that coordinate applications, compute and cooling resources to reduce total consumption.

Data center energy

2024-2025 snapshot

Data center energy demand keeps accelerating and is now a visible share of global electricity.

415 TWhglobal consumption in 2024 (~1.5% worldwide)
+12%average annual growth over 5 years
AI: 15%of data center energy in 2024
US 45%China 25% · Europe 15%
2025: 448 TWhexpected +16-22% vs 2024
Ireland 22%of metered electricity in 2024

Projection and efficiency

These projections highlight how urgent efficiency innovation is to sustain growth without straining grids, costs, or climate goals.

2030: 945 TWhmore than double current demand
AI: 93 → 432 TWhAI server power use from 2025 to 2030
15% per year4x faster than other sectors
PUE 1.09-1.11reference efficiency in 2025
US 17 GWestimated demand across 5,400 sites
Up to 12%of US annual demand by 2030

GreenLSI

The GreenLSI team is part of the Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI) in the Department of Electronic Engineering at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. Our research focuses on Energy Optimization in Data Centers.

We developed a global strategy that integrates multiple data sources to coordinate decisions and reduce total energy use. The system combines knowledge about application energy demand with compute and cooling characteristics to apply proactive optimization techniques.

Decision framework

The system uses power models trained with real data, then evaluates optimization results with a decision-making module that proposes actions to be executed back in the data center.

Multi-layer optimization

Our framework gathers information across the data center to generate knowledge that enables optimizations at multiple abstraction levels: resource manager, architecture, compiler, and more. This holistic view yields coordinated, measurable decisions.

Energy optimization diagram

2-Phase Immersion Cooling

Immersion cooling technology applied to reduce energy consumption in data centers.